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Pinealon 20mg (Bioregulator)

Pinealon 20mg (Bioregulator)

Pinealon is a synthetic peptide just three amino acids in length. It has been shown to modify behavior and protect a number of cell types against the effects of hypoxia. It has undergone extensive research for its ability to alter circadian rhythm, improve memory, and enhance learning. It has been shown to offset the effects of aging, particularly in the central nervous system, and may be useful in treating cognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s disease.

Pinealon 20mg (Bioregulator)
Pinealon 20mg (Bioregulator)
$75.00
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What Is Pinealon?

Pinealon is a short peptide consisting of just three amino acids. It is one of a handful of synthetic peptides referred to as peptide bioregulators for their ability to interact directly with DNA to alter gene expression levels. Pinealon has been linked to behavior modification and is thought to help protect a number of cell types, including neurons, against the effects of hypoxia. By direct effect on the pineal gland, pinealon may reduce problems with drug metabolism, circadian rhythm disorders, memory, learning, and more.

Pinealon Structure

Pinealon Structure

Source: PubChem

Sequence: Glu-Asp-Arg
Molecular Formula: C15H26N6O8
Molecular Weight: 418.407 g/mol
PubChem CID: 18220191
Synonyms: Glutamylaspartylarginine, T-33 peptide

Pinealon Interacts Directly with DNA

Unlike most peptides, pinealon does not appear to bind to cell surface or cytoplasmic receptors. This has led scientists to wonder how the short peptide can have any effect. In the past, it was suggested that pinealon may be small enough to cross lipid bilayers (e.g. the cell membrane, nuclear membrane) and may therefore be able to interact directly with DNA. Testing in cell cultures (HeLa cells) indicates that pinealon directly penetrates the cell membrane as well as the nuclear membrane to interact with DNA[1]. This makes pinealon a regulator of gene expression and explains the peptide’s myriad effects that cannot be explained by receptor interactions.

Pinealon Research

Pinealon Research and Aging

Pinealon may have anti-aging effects in the central nervous system. Research from Russia indicates that pinealon and a similar peptide, vesugen, are anabolic in the brain and can actually slow the rate of aging when calculated using biological age indicators[2].

Pinealon is active in cells outside of the central nervous system as well. Research shows that the peptide also has effects on muscle cells where it alters the expression of irisin[3]. Irisin is important to protecting muscle cells during exercise, promotes fat burning, and is thought to induce telomere elongation as well. By increasing the lifespan of irisin, pinealon boosts telomere protection and helps to fight off the effects of aging and oxidative stress. In fact, plasma irisin levels are directly linked to telomere length in healthy adults and levels of the enzyme have been directly linked to calorie restriction, one of the few activities known beyond doubt to prolong life and improve overall fitness[4]. Interestingly, there is evidence that irisin is active outside of muscle cells and that pinealon may therefore have anti-aging effects that are broadly distributed throughout the body, including the brain.

Pinealon Research and Neuron Protection

Research in prenatal rats indicates that pinealon protects neurons against oxidative stress and thus protects cognitive function and motor coordination[5]. The study showed marked decreases in both reactive oxygen species accumulation as well as number of necrotic cells in the brain in these rats. In other words, pinealon protects neurons from dying.

The findings of the prental rat study discussed above have been confirmed in separate studies and extended in others. Confirmation that pinealon protects against reactive oxygen species and reduces necrotic cell death also came with the understanding that the peptide modifies the cell cycle as part of its protection against cell death[6]. This was one of the first indications that pinealon was almost certainly interacting at the level of DNA. Interestingly, pinealon modulates the cell cycle by activating proliferation pathways. Under normal circumstances, this would lead to an increase in cell number, but under the setting of oxidative stress, this effect simply offsets some of the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species.

Measure of reactive oxygen species in controls, those exposed to ouabain, and animals exposed to both ouabain and pinealon at various doses.

Measure of reactive oxygen species in controls, those exposed to ouabain, and animals exposed to both ouabain and pinealon at various doses.
Source: Semantic Scholar

Research in adult rats deprived of oxygen has also shown that pinealon increases the resistance of neurons to hypoxic stress. It appears to do this by stimulating innate anti-oxidative enzyme systems and limiting the excitotoxic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate[7]. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) is an amino acid derivative that can kill nerve cells by over-exciting them. NMDA has been shown to become overactive during withdrawal from alcohol and is at least partly responsible for the “shakes” or delirium tremors that affects chronic alcoholics during withdrawal. NMDA has been linked to nerve death in traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke.

Irisin, which has been discussed in the context of muscle cell protection, has recently been found in the brain where it plays important roles in neural differentiation, proliferation, and energy expenditure. Irisin levels in the central nervous system has been found to stimulate genes in the hippocampus that are important to memory, learning, the overall neuron health[8]. Research in rats suggests that exercise directly boosts levels of irisin in the brain, which may finally provide the link between physical activity and cognition. Scientists have speculated that irisin is the messenger that mediates crosstalk between skeletal muscle and the central nervous system during exercise. Pinealon boosts levels of irisin by altering expression of the gene that codes for the enzyme. This leads to increased levels of irisin through prolonged lifespan of the enzyme.

Pinealon research and Depression

Research in cultures of brain cortex cells indicate that pinealon can boost expression of 5-tryptophan hydroxylase via epigenetic changes. 5-tryptophan hydroxylase is critical to the production and secretion of serotonin, a peptide known to have neuroprotective and geroprotective features[9]. It is also the signaling molecule most often targeted by anti-depressive drugs called selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs have a number of side effects, however, and the ability to boost serotonin production organically could offer a means of fighting depression that is more physiologic and thus reduce side effects.

Pinealon Protects Cells from Caspase-3 and Cell Death

The initial understanding that pinealon could affect the cell cycle came from research into the effects of the peptide in rat models of ischemic stroke. These studies revealed that pinealon affects cytokine signaling that normally leads to an increase in levels of the caspase-3 enzyme[10]. Caspase-3 is directly responsible for initiating apoptosis, or the controlled death of a cell via genetic instruction. By modulating caspase-3, pinealon shuts down at least one pathway to cell death and thus reduces the effects of oxygen deprivation during stroke.

Caspase-3 is not only active in neurologic tissue though, it is almost universal. Research using models of heart attack indicates that pinealon may reduce caspase-3 levels following myocardial infarction[11]. The short peptide may have application both in treating heart attack and in preventing the long-term remodeling that causes so much dysfunction following a myocardial infarction.

The benefit of pinealon in suppressing caspase-3 expression has been demonstrated in skin cells. By reducing apoptosis in the skin, pinealon promotes cell proliferation in both young and old animals alike. This leads to an increase in the regenerative process and has been shown to offset age-related pathology in the skin[12]. Pinealon may eventually form part of a multi-faceted approach to wound healing and could have application in everything from sun protection to serious burn treatment.

Pinealon Research and Sleep Regulation

It should come as no surprise, given its names, that pinealon affects that sleep-wake cycle as well as sleep behavior. Research indicates, that pinealon may help to regulate the dysfunction caused by shift-work and other activities (e.g. long-distance travel) that interfere with normal sleep patterns. The peptide actually appears to reset the pineal gland to baseline in the setting of circadian rhythm disruption, improving sleep, depression, mood, blood pressure, and more as a result[13].

The ability to regulate sleep actually corresponds strongly with rates of aging. Disturbed sleep is a recipe for disaster in the body and affects cognition, cardiac health, wound healing, mood, and more. Pinealon may therefore help to reduce the impact of sleep disturbance and thus offset the effects that it has on aging. This could be beneficial not only to those forced into disorder sleep due to their jobs, but to individuals suffering from organic disease that impacts sleep-wake cycles.

Pinealon exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. Pinealon for sale at Peptide Sciences is limited to educational and scientific research only, not for human consumption. Only buy Pinealon if you are a licensed researcher.

Article Author

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

Scientific Journal Author

Vladimir Khavinson is a Professor, President of the European region of the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Member of the Russian and Ukrainian Academies of Medical Sciences; Main gerontologist of the Health Committee of the Government of Saint Petersburg, Russia; Director of the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology; Vice-president of Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Chair of Gerontology and Geriatrics of the North-Western State Medical University, St-Petersburg; Colonel of medical service (USSR, Russia), retired. Vladimir Khavinson is known for the discovery, experimental and clinical studies of new classes of peptide bioregulators as well as for the development of bioregulating peptide therapy. He is engaged in studying of the role of peptides in regulation of the mechanisms of ageing. His main field of actions is design, pre-clinical and clinical studies of new peptide geroprotectors. A 40-year-long investigation resulted in a multitude of methods of application of peptide bioregulators to slow down the process of aging and increase human life span. Six peptide-based pharmaceuticals and 64 peptide food supplements have been introduced into clinical practice by V. Khavinson. He is an author of 196 patents (Russian and international) as well as of 775 scientific publications. His major achievements are presented in two books: “Peptides and Ageing” (NEL, 2002) and “Gerontological aspects of genome peptide regulation” (Karger AG, 2005). Vladimir Khavinson introduced scientific specialty "Gerontology and Geriatrics" in the Russian Federation on the governmental level. Academic Council headed by V. Khavinson has oversighted over 200 Ph.D. and Doctorate theses from many different countries.

Prof. Vladimir Khavinson is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of Pinealon. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Peptide Sciences and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide. Prof. Vladimir Khavinson is listed in [1] [3] [5] [6] and [9] under the referenced citations.

Referenced Citations

  1. L. I. Fedoreyeva, I. I. Kireev, V. K. Khavinson, and B. F. Vanyushin, “Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA,” Biochem. Biokhimiia, vol. 76, no. 11, pp. 1210–1219, Nov. 2011.
  2. V. N. Meshchaninov, E. L. Tkachenko, S. V. Zharkov, I. V. Gavrilov, and I. E. Katyreva, “[EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ON AGING OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC POLYMORBIDITY AND ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN REMISSION],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 62–67, 2015.
  3. V. K. Khavinson, B. I. Kuznik, S. I. Tarnovskaya, and N. S. Lin’kova, “Short Peptides and Telomere Length Regulator Hormone Irisin,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 160, no. 3, pp. 347–349, Jan. 2016.
  4. K. S. Rana et al., “Plasma irisin levels predict telomere length in healthy adults,” Age Dordr. Neth., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 995–1001, Apr. 2014.
  5. A. Arutjunyan, L. Kozina, S. Stvolinskiy, Y. Bulygina, A. Mashkina, and V. Khavinson, “Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia,” Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 179–185, 2012.
  6. V. Khavinson et al., “Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes,” Rejuvenation Res., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 535–541, Oct. 2011.
  7. L. S. Kozina, “[Investigation of antihypoxic properties of short peptides],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 61–67, 2008.
  8. J. Zhang and W. Zhang, “Can irisin be a linker between physical activity and brain function?,” Biomol. Concepts, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 253–258, Aug. 2016.
  9. V. K. Khavinson, N. S. Lin’kova, S. I. Tarnovskaya, R. S. Umnov, E. V. Elashkina, and A. O. Durnova, “Short peptides stimulate serotonin expression in cells of brain cortex,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 157, no. 1, pp. 77–80, May 2014.
  10. A. M. Mendzheritskiĭ, G. V. Karantysh, G. A. Ryzhak, and S. V. Dem’ianenko, “[Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 94–97, 2014.
  11. Serum Caspase-3 p17 Fragment Is Elevated in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction | JACC: Journal of the American College of Cardiology.” [Online]. Available: http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/57/2/220. [Accessed: 11-Jun-2019].
  12. M. A. Voicekhovskaya, N. I. Chalisova, E. A. Kontsevaya, and G. A. Ryzhak, “Effect of bioregulatory tripeptides on the culture of skin cells from young and old rats,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 152, no. 3, pp. 357–359, Jan. 2012.
  13. A. S. Bashkireva and V. G. Artamonova, “[The peptide correction of neurotic disorders among professional truck-drivers],” Adv. Gerontol. Uspekhi Gerontol., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 718–728, 2012.

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Pinealon 20mg (Bioregulator)

Pinealon 20mg (Bioregulator)

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AS PARTIAL CONSIDERATION FOR YOUR ACCESS TO THIS WEB SITE AND USE OF ITS CONTENT, YOU AGREE THAT WWW.PeptideSciences.com.COM IS NOT LIABLE TO YOU IN ANY MANNER WHATSOEVER FOR DECISIONS YOU MAY MAKE OR YOUR ACTIONS OR NON-ACTIONS IN RELIANCE UPON THE CONTENT. YOU ALSO AGREE THAT THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF WWW.PeptideSciences.com.COM ARISING FROM OR RELATED TO YOUR USE AND ACCESS REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION OR CLAIM (FOR EXAMPLE, CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, PROFESSIONAL MALPRACTICE, FRAUD, OR OTHER BASES FOR CLAIMS), IS LIMITED TO THE PURCHASE PRICE OF ANY ITEMS YOU PURCHASED FROM WWW.PeptideSciences.com.COM IN THE APPLICABLE TRANSACTION. WWW.PeptideSciences.com.COM SHALL NOT IN ANY CASE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES EVEN IF WWW.PeptideSciences.com.COM HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY THAT APPLIES TO ALL LOSES AND DAMAGES OF ANY KIND. IF YOU ARE DISSATISFIED WITH THIS WEB SITE OR ITS CONTENT (INCLUDING TERMS OF USE), YOUR SOLE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY IS TO DISCONTINUE USING THIS WEB SITE. BECAUSE SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SUCH LIMITATION MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE TO YOU.

Your Agreement to Abide by All Applicable Laws

By using this Web Site you agree to comply with any and all local, state, or federal laws, statutes, and regulations that relate in any manner to the use of this Web Site and the associated services or products contained thereon.

Relationship between www.PeptideSciences.com.com and Users.

www.PeptideSciences.com.com and users of our Site are independent contractors, and no agency, partnership, employment or other relationship is created or is intended to be created by the use of our Web Site.

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

This Web Site (excluding linked sites, if any) is administered and controlled by www.PeptideSciences.com.com and its affiliates, subsidiaries, officers, directors, employees or agents from its offices in the accordance with the laws of Nevis. You agree that this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and this Web Site will be governed by and construed in accordance Nevis law without giving effect to any principles of conflicts of laws. You access this Web Site and/or associated services of www.PeptideSciences.com.com at your own risk, and remain responsible for complying with the laws of the jurisdiction within which you are located.

Prices; Payment Terms; Interest

The prices for the products and services on this Web Site are quoted, for convenience, in United States dollars and shall be as set forth in this Web Site as at the time of acceptance of an order by www.PeptideSciences.com.com. Prices for Products shall be subject to change without any further notice. Credit terms are within www.PeptideSciences.com.com's sole discretion, and unless otherwise specified in www.PeptideSciences.com.com's invoice, payment must be received by www.PeptideSciences.com.com prior to www.PeptideSciences.com.com's acceptance of an order.

Consequences

www.PeptideSciences.com.com reserves the right to suspend or terminate your account if you violate the Terms of Use Agreement. If your violation causes harm to others, you agree to indemnify and hold www.PeptideSciences.com.com harmless from and against any and all loss, damage, or expense. If any dispute arises between us regarding this Agreement or your use of this Web Site, it shall be resolved through good faith negotiations between the parties.

Entire Agreement

These Terms and Conditions and any terms incorporated or referred to herein constitute the entire agreement between www.PeptideSciences.com.com and you relating to your use of this Web Site and the subject matter hereof, and supersede any prior understandings or agreements (whether electronic, oral or written) regarding the subject matter, and may not be amended or modified except in writing, or by www.PeptideSciences.com.com making such amendments or modifications in accordance with this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement.

Severability

If any part of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement is deemed or determined to be unenforceable, then such part shall be eliminated or limited to the minimum extent necessary. The remainder of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement, including any revised portion, shall remain and be in full force and effect. This Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement are the entire agreement between us governing your use of this Web Site.

Headings

The headings contained in this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and the www.PeptideSciences.com.com Privacy Policy are for reference only.

Force Majeure

www.PeptideSciences.com.com shall not be liable for any delay or failure in performance caused by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, delays due to backorders of requested products, mail delays, customs delays or lost shipments. www.PeptideSciences.com.com shall not be responsible to notify the Customer in the event of such delays. The Customer shall be solely responsible to make other arrangements to purchase alternative products and any costs incurred in connection with such purchases.

Thank you again for visiting the www.PeptideSciences.com.com Web Site.

Complete Agreement

Except as expressly provided in a particular "legal notice" on this Site, these Terms and Conditions constitute the entire agreement between you and this Site with respect to the use of this Site, and Content. By clicking “I agree” when placing your order, you agree with ALL OF OUR TERMS and CONDITIONS as stated above as well as our Shipping and refunds Policy.

Thank you for your cooperation.