My Cart

Discount Codes

Product List
PURCHASE PEPTIDES

What is GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide) and How Does it Work?

ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.

Loading... 10829 view(s)

What is GHK-Cu?

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex that was first identified in human plasma, but has hence been found in multiple locations such as saliva and urine. Copper peptides are small, naturally occurring protein fragments that have high affinity for copper ions, which are critical to normal body function. GHK-Cu has a variety of roles in the human body including, but not limited to, promoting activation of wound healing, attracting immune cells, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, stimulating collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in skin fibroblasts, and promoting blood vessel growth.

There has been evidence that has shown that it acts as a feedback signal that is generated after tissue injury. First, it seems to act as a potent protector of tissue and anti-inflammatory agent that control the oxidative damage that occurs post-tissue injury. Further, it then plays a big role in signaling tissue remodeling which removes damaged/scarred tissue and generates new, healthy tissue. However, these positive effects decline with age because the concentration of GHK-Cu in the body decreases with age. Thus, there is an increase in inflammation, cancerous activity, and tissue destruction.

 

Mechanism of Action

GHK-Cu exerts its action on a variety of pathways in the human body due to the peptide sequence and copper’s ability to promote various functions. At the site of tissue injury, GHK-Cu acts as a potent chemoattractant for mast cells, macrophages, amongst others which promote the release of proteins that stimulate the growth and repair of tissue. As stated before, GHK-Cu acts in a dual manner to remove scar tissue from injured locations and replace it with new tissue. Primarily, it acts directly on fibroblasts by increasing production of mRNA and protein for collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and decorin; all of which are critical components in tissue repair and maintenance. Further, it acts to stimulate the production of metalloproteases and protease inhibitors which function to remove damaged tissue proteins. It also reduced the secretion of TGF-beta from fibroblasts during this process as TGF-beta acts to induce scar formation.

GHK-Cu also acts to increase collagen synthesis by chondrocytes within the bone. This leads to an increase in growth of human marrow stromal cells and attachment of osteoblastic cells which promote bone growth and formation. It also provides a source of copper for blood vessels in the process of angiogenesis in tissues. Because angiogenesis can not occur without a proper copper depot, GHK-Cu being present in the growing tissue is essential for survival. It has also been shown that GHK-Cu has the ability to increase differentiation and proliferation of axons within neurons, indicating it has an effect on the nervous system to ensure proper functionality. GHK-Cu blocks ferritin channels and the release of tissue damaging free (oxidative) iron after tissue injury, thus blocking iron catalyzed lipid peroxidation that occurs after injury. This mechanism of copper-peptide induced tissue repair appears to function for skin, hair follicles, the stomach lining, the intestinal lining, bone tissue, and hooves and fingernails.

 

What have Research Studies Shown?

Scientific research has revealed that GHK-Cu affects the following:

-Wound healing

-Infection control

-Hair growth restoration

-Facial cosmetic use

-Anti-cancer effects

-Cognitive health

 

GHK-Cu in Research (Expanded)

Wound Healing and Infection Control

There have been multiple studies that have shown the profound effects of GHK-Cu on the healing of wounds. In the process of healing wounds, it causes better wound contraction, faster development of granular tissue, and improved angiogenesis to restore blood flow to damaged tissue. It has also been shown that systemic injection of GHK-Cu can also cause enhancement of the healing process. Injection of GHK-Cu into the muscle can promote tissue repair at distant locations.

A study was performed and showed that injections of GHK-Cu caused significant, systemic increases in collagen production, angiogenesis, and wound closure.There has been a clinical trial in diabetic patients suffering from ulcerations. When given a gel that contained 2% GHK-Cu, wound closure of ulcers increased by 40% and the percentage of infection decreased by 27%, showing extremely promising results for the treatment of skin injuries that can be difficult to treat due to infection. In line with this, GHK-Cu could potentially be a valuable therapy given to individuals after surgery to promote wound healing, aid with pain and prevent infection.

 

Anti-Inflammatory

GHK-Cu also tends to have anti-inflammatory properties. A study was performed on GHK-Cu and its interaction with TNF-alpha along with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 in human fibroblasts. The study indicated that GHK-Cu was able to significantly decrease the amount of inflammation. So, there is a strong indication that GHK-Cu could possibly be used as either a systemic injection or topically applied therapy in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis. It was also shown that it can reduce erythema caused by UV sunlight.

 

Hair Growth Restoration

It has also been found that GHK-Cu stimulates hair growth. It was even shown that the efficacy of GHK-Cu for hair growth was comparable to that of 5% minoxidil, which is one of the most commonly used medications in the restoration of hair growth.

It is commonly being put in hair gels and shampoos, along with other copper peptides, to restore hair growth. In fact, a commercial product known as GraftCyte, which contains GHK-Cu, was clinically evaluated and proven to improve the outcome of hair transplantation surgeries and healing. Within the hair follicle, GHK-Cu has been shown to promote collagen production and strengthen already existing hair by stimulating growth in areas that are lacking thickness.

 

Facial Cosmetic

The use of GHK-Cu for anti-aging cosmetics has been extensively researched and is used widely throughout the United States in a large portion of the population. When applied to the skin, GHK-Cu can cause firming of the skin, anti-aging, and anti-wrinkle activity. There have been multiple clinical studies done to determine the efficacy of GHK-Cu for treatment to the face.

One study was done on 20 females and confirmed that GHK-Cu outperformed vitamin C and retinoic acid in increasing collagen in photoaged skin. Another clinical study was performed for 12 weeks on 67 women, and it showed that GHK-Cu significantly improved aged skin appearance, increased thickness, reduced wrinkles, and strongly induced proliferation of keratinocytes in the dermis.

 

Cognitive Health

It has also been shown that GHK-Cu could potentially benefit cognitive health by playing a role in nerve regeneration. A study was performed on the effect that GHK-Cu had on axons within neurons and it showed that it has the ability to increase migration of hematogenous cells into collagen tube, produce nerve growth factors, increase expression of integrins and increase the rate of regeneration of myelinated nerve fibers. Schwann cells and axon count were also increased.

A human gene expression analysis was done to determine the effects of GHK-CU in gene expression due to the fact that the molecule declines with age. It was shown that it induces a 50% or greater change of expression in 31.2% of human genes affecting multiple biochemical pathways in organs and tissues including the nervous system. If levels of this important peptide go down in the body as you age, so will expression of necessary genes. Thus, treatment by GHK-Cu may not only directly impact physical nerve regeneration, but it could impact the expression of fundamental proteins in your body.

 

Anti-Cancer

GHK-Cu has been recommended as a treatment for metastatic cancer. A study was performed to determine gene expression of normal and cancerous cells, and figure out what substances could silence genes involved in metastasis. They used a database of 7000 genome expression profiles, and after treatment with 1309 bioactive substances, it was found that only 2 were effective in turning down the genes overexpressed in tumor spreading; one of those was GHK-Cu. Gene control is an exciting area of medicine, especially in the realm of cancer therapy. Higher tissue copper may be the key to keeping cells younger and GHK-Cu seems to be a fantastic mediator of this system.

 

Lungs

It has been postulated that GHK-Cu could play a key role in the protection of the lungs from acute injury and fibrosis. Numerous studies have been performed to try and determine what role it plays, and the findings have been fairly significant. One study was able to show that it protects lung tissue from damage by being able to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity while decreased TNF-α and IL-6 production through the suppression of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling in vitro and in vivo model of ALI.

 

Moreover, GHK-Cu attenuated LPS-induced lung histological alterations, suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung parenchyma in LPS-induced ALI in mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that GHK-Cu possesses a protective effect in LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting excessive inflammatory responses; accordingly, it may represent a novel therapeutic approach for Acute Lung Injury and Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Further, it was shown that treatment of GHK-Cu reduces inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial thickness in subjects with pulmonary fibrosis. It significantly improves collagen deposition, imbalances in lung tissue, and reduces TNF-alpha and IL-6 in alveolar fluid. Thus, GHK-Cu shows a strong indication for the treatment of a variety of lung diseases.

 

References

Pickart l; Margolina A. GHK-Copper Peptide in Skin Remodeling and Anti-Aging. SOFW-Journal | 136 | 6-2010.

Gul, NY; Topal, A; Cangul, IT; Yanik, K (2008). "The effects of topical tripeptide copper complex and helium-neon laser on wound healing in rabbits". Vet Dermatol. 19 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00647.x.

Pickart L. Compositions for accelerating wound healing in mammals containing cupric salt or complexes with amino acid or peptide. US Patent 5,164,367, 1992.

Mulder DPM1, Gerit D.; Patt PhD2, Leonard M.; Sanders DPM, Lee; et al. (1994). "Enhanced healing of ulcers in patients with diabetes by topical treatment of glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine". Wound Repair Regen. 2 (4): 259–269. doi:10.1046/j.1524-475X.1994.20406.x.

Gruchlik A., Jurzak M., Chodurek E., Dzierzewicz Z. Effect of Gly-Gly-His, Gly-His-Lys and their copper complexes on TNF-alpha-dependent IL-6 secretion in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Acta. Pol. Pharm. 2012 Nov-Dec;69(6):1303-6.

Uno H, Kurata S "Chemical agents and peptides affect hair growth. J Invest Dermatol. 1993; 101(1 Suppl):143S-147S

Abdulghani, AA; Sherr, S; Shirin, S; Solodkina, G; Tapia, EM; Gottlieb, AB (1998). "Effects of topical creams containing vitamin C, a copper-binding peptide cream and melatonin compared with tretinoin on the ultrastructure of normal skin - A pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study". Disease Manag Clin Outcomes. 1: 136–141.

Ahmed, M.R.; Basha, S.H.; Gopinath, D.; Muthusamy, R.; Jayakumar, R. (2005). "Initial upregulation of growth factors and inflammatory mediators during nerve regeneration in the presence of cell adhesive peptide-incorporated collagen tubes". J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 10 (1): 17–30. doi:10.1111/j.1085-9489.2005.10105.x.

Pickart L; et al. The effect of the human peptide GHK-Cu on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline.

In Clin Exp Metastasis. 2010 Feb 9. [Epub ahead of print], a paper "A 'metastasis-prone' signature for early-stage mismatch-repair proficient sporadic colorectal cancer patients and its implications for possible therapeutics" by Hong Y, Downey T, Eu KW, Koh PK, Cheah PY (Department f Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608,Singapore)

Park j; et al. The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induces acute lung injury in mice.Oncotarget. 2016 Sep 6; 7(36): 58405–58417. Published online 2016 Aug 10. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.11168

Zhou X; et al. GHK peptide inhibits bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by suppressing TGFB1/Smad mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition. Front Pharmacol. 2017; 8: 904. Published online 2017 Dec 12. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00904.

Finkley MB, Appa Y, Bhandarkar S. Copper Peptide and Skin. Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetic, 2nd Edition, P. Eisner and H.I. Maibach (Eds.) Marcel Dekker, New York. 2005:549-563

Perez-Meza, D; Leavitt, M; Trachy, R (1988). "Clinical evaluation of GraftCyte moist dressings on hair graft viability and quality of healing". Inter. J. Cos. Surg. 6: 80–84.

 

Product available for research use only:

GHK-Cu 50mg

Be the first to know
Receive all the latest information on events, sales, & offers.

Terms and Conditions of Purchase

Your Use of Our Web Site

Unless specified otherwise, your use of this Web Site is governed by this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and the www.PeptideSciences.com Privacy Policy, which is incorporated herein by this reference. In using this Web Site, you are prohibited from modifying, distributing, transmitting, reproducing, publishing, licensing, transferring, or selling any information, products or services obtained or viewed on this Web Site. However, you may display, download, or print hard copies of any material contained on this Web Site for your own personal, non-commercial use as long as you do not modify the content or delete any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notice. Any other use of the information contained on this Web Site is prohibited without our express written consent.

All ACH/e-Check payments will be made payable to:

P-Sciences, Inc.

Each time I (the customer) places an ACH/e-Check order by clicking the "Place Order" button, I am authorizing Peptidesciences.com to initiate a single ACH/electronic debit to my account in the amount of my order from the bank account information provided on the date of my order. I agree that ACH transactions I authorize comply with all applicable law. Payments made after 11 P.M. pacific time will be applied as of the next business day. To complete the payment process, click the “Place Order” button. Once payment is authorized, there cannot be any changes or corrections. It is recommended that you print a copy of this authorization and maintain it for your records.

Use of Information

This Web site provides information that, while useful, must not be used as a substitute for the advice of your own advisors. Information available from this Web Site is not intended to be used to diagnose any medical condition or disease. Products on this website are sold for laboratory research purposes only.

www.PeptideSciences.com reserves the right to correct any inaccuracies or typographical errors in the information posted on this Web Site, and shall have no liability for such errors. Information may be changed or updated without notice and prices and availability of goods and services are subject to change without notice.

DISCLAIMER:

YOU MUST BE OVER 21 YEARS OLD TO USE THIS WEBSITE.

The products we offer are intended for IN-VITRO LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY-- NOT FOR HUMAN USE.

In purchasing any of these items, the customer acknowledges that there are risks involved with consumption or distribution of these products.

These chemicals are NOT intended to use as food additives, drugs, household chemicals or other inappropriate applications.

The listing of a material on this site does not constitute a license to its use in infringement of any patent.

All of the products will be handled only by qualified and properly trained RESEARCH or LABORATORY professionals only.

Due to the nature of these products ALL SALES ARE FINAL. WE CANNOT ACCEPT RETURNS. ALL SALES ARE FINAL.

All customers represent and warrant that through their own review and study that they are fully aware and knowledgeable about the following:

Use of the products and more specifically In-vitro Research use of the products.

Your specific countries Government regulations regarding the use of and exposure to all products.

The health and safety hazards associated with the handling of the products they purchase.

The necessity of adequately warning of the health and safety hazards associated with any products.

PeptideSciences.com reserves the right to limit and/or deny sales of products to any unqualified individuals. All customers MUST be at least 21 years of age to purchase our products. IN NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL PeptideSciences.com BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER PURCHASER'S CLAIM IN CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE. IN DIRECT CONSIDERATION OF APPROVING THE SALE OF ANY PRODUCT TO THE PURCHASER, THE PURCHASER AGREES TO INDEMNIFY AND HOLD US HARMLESS FROM ALL CLAIMS, EXPENSES, LOSSES AND LIABILITY OF ANY TYPE ARISING OUT OF THE PURCHASER'S HANDLING, POSSESSION, AND/OR USE OF THE PRODUCT, WHETHER USED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANY SUBSTANCE. ANY SALE WOULD BE DENIED OTHERWISE.

PRODUCT USE:

PeptideSciences.com products are intended for laboratory IN-VITRO RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY-- NOT FOR HUMAN USE and are not to be used for any other purposes, including but not limited to food and/or drugs, medical devices, vitro diagnostic purpose, or for commercial purposes. The purchaser agrees that the products have not been sterilized or tested by PeptideSciences.com for safety and efficacy in food, drug, medical device, cosmetic, commercial or any other use. The purchaser expressly represents and warrants to PeptideSciences.com that the purchaser will properly test, use, manufacture and market any products purchased from PeptideSciences.com and/or materials produced with products purchased from PeptideSciences.com in accordance with the practices of a reliable person who is experienced in the field and in strict compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, now and hereinafter enacted. The purchaser further warrants that any material produced with any product shall not be adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and shall not be materials which may not, under Sections 404, 505, or 512 of the Act, be introduced into interstate commerce.

The purchaser realizes that, since PeptideSciences.com products are, unless otherwise stated, intended solely for in-vitro research purposes, they may not be on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory listing. The purchaser assumes responsibility to assure that the products purchased from PeptideSciences.com are approved for use under TSCA, if applicable.

Purchaser has the responsibility to verify the hazards and to conduct any further research necessary to learn the hazards involved in using products purchased from PeptideSciences.com. Purchaser agrees to comply with instructions, if any, furnished by PeptideSciences.com relating to the use of the products and not misuse the products in any manner. No products purchased from PeptideSciences.com shall, unless otherwise stated, be considered to be foods, drugs, or medical devices.

ALL products and services offered are for IN-VITRO RESEARCH purposes ONLY and are NOT TO BE INGESTED or CONSUMED IN ANY MANNER.

ALL PRODUCTS SOLD BY PEPTIDESCIENCES.COM ARE NOT TO BE USED FOR PERSONAL USE OR FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANY MEDICAL CONDITION OR DISEASE.

Under NO circumstances shall/ should ANY of these materials be used for recreational purposes nor human consumption of any kind.

PeptideSciences.com is NOT liable for ANY damages that may be caused by negligence, abuse, or ANY other unforeseen matter.

All items sold are legal for sale for IN-VITRO RESEARCH PURPOSES SPECIFICALLY within the USA.

Trade-Marks and Other Intellectual Property Rights

"www.PeptideSciences.com" is a registered trademark of www.PeptideSciences.com.

All text, graphics, user interfaces, visual interfaces, photographs, trademarks, logos, sounds, music, artwork and computer code (collectively, "Content"), including but not limited to the design, structure, selection, coordination, expression, "look and feel" and arrangement of such Content, contained on this Web Site is owned, controlled or licensed by or to www.PeptideSciences.com and is protected by copyright, patent and trademark laws, and various other intellectual property rights and unfair competition laws.

Except as expressly provided in this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement, no part of this Web Site and no Content may be copied, reproduced, republished, uploaded, posted, publicly displayed, encoded, translated, transmitted or distributed in any way (including "mirroring") to any other computer, server, web site or other medium for publication or distribution or for any commercial enterprise, without www.PeptideSciences.com's express prior written consent.

Indemnity

You hereby agree to indemnify and hold www.PeptideSciences.com, and our subsidiaries, affiliates, officers, directors, agents, co-branders, partners, and employees harmless from any claim or demand, including reasonable attorney's fees, made by any third party due to or arising out of your use of the content on this Web Site, or any content you submit, post, or transmit through this Web Site, your use of this Web Site, your connection to this Web site, your violation of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement, or your violation of any rights of another.

Links/Software

Links from or to websites outside this Web Site are meant for convenience only. www.PeptideSciences.com does not review, endorse, approve or control, and is not responsible for any sites linked from or to this Web Site, the content of those sites, the third parties named therein, or their products or services. Linking to any other site is at your sole risk and www.PeptideSciences.com will not be responsible or liable for any damages in connection with linking. www.PeptideSciences.com disclaims all warranties, express and implied as to the accuracy, validity and legality of any materials or information found on those sites. Links to downloadable software sites are for convenience only and www.PeptideSciences.com is not responsible or liable for any difficulties or consequences associated with downloading the software. Use of any downloaded software is governed by the terms of the license agreement, if any, which accompanies or is provided with the software.

Availability of Our Web Site

This Web Site is generally available to users Twenty-four (24) hours per day, Seven (7) days per week, Three Hundred Sixty-five (365) days per year. However, www.PeptideSciences.com retains the right to make our Web Site unavailable at any time, for any reason, and for any length of time. By using this Web Site you agree that www.PeptideSciences.com will not be liable for any damage arising out of or related to any such interruption, suspension, or termination of this Web Site and/or the services or products contained therein. Upon acceptance of these terms and conditions of use www.PeptideSciences.com authorizes you to view the Content on the Web Site solely for your personal use. The material on the Web Site is intended solely for individuals enquiring about www.PeptideSciences.com’s products or services. If you are not accessing the Web Site for such purposes, you may not use the Web Site. For certainty, use by non-individuals or the agents, attorneys or representatives of non-individuals is prohibited.

Information You Provide www.PeptideSciences.com

Our collection and/or use of any information you provide while using or visiting this Web Site is governed by the www.PeptideSciences.com Privacy Policy and this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement. By using this Web Site you grant us the rights contained therein. In using this Web Site you may not upload, distribute, or otherwise publish on this Web Site any information which may be viewed as obscene, defamatory, libelous, threatening, abusive, illegal, an invasion of privacy rights, or otherwise objectionable, or may constitute or encourage a violation of any law.

Except for that individually-identifiable information collected from you in accordance with our Privacy Policy, all comments, remarks, suggestions, ideas or other information communicated will become the exclusive property of www.PeptideSciences.com and you grant to www.PeptideSciences.com a royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, world-wide, non-exclusive license to use or reproduce the same. www.PeptideSciences.com is free to copy, disclose, distribute or analyze any such information for any and all purposes and are in no way obligated to compensate you for any such information.

Disclaimer of Warranties

WWW.PeptideSciences.COM PROVIDES CONTENT ON THIS WEB SITE AS A SERVICE TO YOU, OUR CUSTOMER. THIS WEB SITE CANNOT AND DOES NOT, CONTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT ALL APPLICATIONS FOR PRODUCTS SOLD. IT MAY NOT CONTAIN ALL INFORMATION THAT IS APPLICABLE TO YOUR PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES OR YOUR USE OF PRODUCTS SOLD. THE CONTENT OF THIS WEB SITE, THE WEB SITE SERVER THAT MAKES IT AVAILABLE, AND THE SERVICES AND PRODUCTS WWW.PeptideSciences.COM PROVIDES ON THIS WEB SITE, ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR TECHNICAL FAILURES (INCLUDING HARDWARE OR SOFTWARE FAILURES), INCOMPLETE, SCRAMBLED OR DELAYED COMPUTER TRANSMISSIONS, AND/OR TECHNICAL INACCURACIES, AS WELL AS UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS OF USER TRANSMISSIONS BY THIRD PARTIES. FURTHER, WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT REPRESENT OR WARRANT THAT NO VIRUSES OR OTHER CONTAMINATING OR DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES WILL BE TRANSMITTED, OR THAT NO DAMAGE WILL OCCUR TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM. YOU HAVE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ADEQUATE PROTECTION AND BACKUP OF DATA AND/OR EQUIPMENT AND TO TAKE ALL PRECAUTIONS TO SCAN FOR COMPUTER VIRUSES OR OTHER DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES. BY YOUR USE OF THIS WEB SITE, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT SUCH USE IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK, INCLUDING RESPONSIBILITY FOR ALL COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL NECESSARY SERVICING OR REPAIRS OF ANY EQUIPMENT YOU USE IN CONNECTION WITH THIS WEB SITE.

TO THE FULL EXTENT NOT PRECLUDED BY APPLICABLE LAW WWW.PeptideSciences.COM, THEIR MEDICAL ADVISORS, SUPPLIERS, CONSULTANTS, DIRECTORS AND EMPLOYEES DISCLAIM AND EXCLUDE ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO ALL CONTENT, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY. THIS DISCLAIMER INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT WARRANT THE CONTENT TO BE ACCURATE, COMPLETE OR CURRENT. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THIS WEB SITE WILL OPERATE WITHOUT ERROR, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED OR THAT THIS WEB SITE OR THE WEB SITE SERVER MAKING IT AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS. PRICE AND AVAILABILITY CONTENT, AS WELL AS OTHER CONTENT CONTAINED IN THIS WEB SITE OR ACCESSIBLE THEREFROM, IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.

YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT ENDORSE THE CONTENT OF ANY SITE ACCESSED VIA LINKS OR OTHER MEANS FROM THIS WEB SITE AND IT IS NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE FOR SUCH CONTENT EVEN THOUGH IT MAY BE UNLAWFUL, HARASSING, LIBELOUS, PRIVACY INVADING, ABUSIVE, THREATENING, HARMFUL, OBSCENE, OR OTHERWISE OBJECTIONABLE, OR THAT IT INFRINGES OR MAY INFRINGE THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OR OTHER RIGHTS OF ANOTHER PERSON.

THIS WEB SITE INCLUDES CONTENT PROVIDED BY THIRD PARTIES AND YOU, OUR CUSTOMER. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM IS A DISTRIBUTOR OF SUCH CONTENT AND NOT ITS PUBLISHER. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM’S EDITORIAL CONTROL OF SUCH CONTENT IS THE SAME AS THAT OF A PUBLIC LIBRARY OR NEWSSTAND. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM’S THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS MAY EXPRESS CERTAIN OPINIONS OR PROVIDE CERTAIN INFORMATION AND OFFERS. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM MAKES NO WARRANTIES AS TO THE COMPLETENESS, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, OR RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION OR OFFERS SUPPLIED BY THIRD PARTIES. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT GUARANTEE OR WARRANT THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY THIRD PARTY, INCLUDING ANY SUCH THIRD PARTY’S CONFORMANCE TO ANY LAW, RULE, REGULATION OR POLICY.

WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT WARRANT THAT INFORMATION, SERVICES, AND PRODUCTS CONTAINED IN THIS WEB SITE WILL SATISFY YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THEY ARE ERROR OR DEFECT-FREE. BEFORE USING ANY PRODUCT YOU SHOULD CONFIRM ANY INFORMATION OF IMPORTANCE TO YOU ON THE PRODUCT PACKAGING. YOU ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY, APPROPRIATENESS AND LEGALITY OF ANY INFORMATION YOU SUPPLY WWW.PeptideSciences.COM.

AS PARTIAL CONSIDERATION FOR YOUR ACCESS TO THIS WEB SITE AND USE OF ITS CONTENT, YOU AGREE THAT WWW.PeptideSciences.COM IS NOT LIABLE TO YOU IN ANY MANNER WHATSOEVER FOR DECISIONS YOU MAY MAKE OR YOUR ACTIONS OR NON-ACTIONS IN RELIANCE UPON THE CONTENT. YOU ALSO AGREE THAT THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF WWW.PeptideSciences.COM ARISING FROM OR RELATED TO YOUR USE AND ACCESS REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION OR CLAIM (FOR EXAMPLE, CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, PROFESSIONAL MALPRACTICE, FRAUD, OR OTHER BASES FOR CLAIMS), IS LIMITED TO THE PURCHASE PRICE OF ANY ITEMS YOU PURCHASED FROM WWW.PeptideSciences.COM IN THE APPLICABLE TRANSACTION. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM SHALL NOT IN ANY CASE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES EVEN IF WWW.PeptideSciences.COM HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY THAT APPLIES TO ALL LOSES AND DAMAGES OF ANY KIND. IF YOU ARE DISSATISFIED WITH THIS WEB SITE OR ITS CONTENT (INCLUDING TERMS OF USE), YOUR SOLE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY IS TO DISCONTINUE USING THIS WEB SITE. BECAUSE SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SUCH LIMITATION MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE TO YOU.

Your Agreement to Abide by All Applicable Laws

By using this Web Site you agree to comply with any and all local, state, or federal laws, statutes, and regulations that relate in any manner to the use of this Web Site and the associated services or products contained thereon.

Relationship between www.PeptideSciences.com and Users.

www.PeptideSciences.com and users of our Site are independent contractors, and no agency, partnership, employment or other relationship is created or is intended to be created by the use of our Web Site.

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

This Web Site (excluding linked sites, if any) is administered and controlled by www.PeptideSciences.com and its affiliates, subsidiaries, officers, directors, employees or agents from its offices in the accordance with the laws of Nevis. You agree that this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and this Web Site will be governed by and construed in accordance Nevis law without giving effect to any principles of conflicts of laws. You access this Web Site and/or associated services of www.PeptideSciences.com at your own risk, and remain responsible for complying with the laws of the jurisdiction within which you are located.

Prices; Payment Terms; Interest

The prices for the products and services on this Web Site are quoted, for convenience, in United States dollars and shall be as set forth in this Web Site as at the time of acceptance of an order by www.PeptideSciences.com. Prices for Products shall be subject to change without any further notice. Credit terms are within www.PeptideSciences.com's sole discretion, and unless otherwise specified in www.PeptideSciences.com's invoice, payment must be received by www.PeptideSciences.com prior to www.PeptideSciences.com's acceptance of an order.

Consequences

www.PeptideSciences.com reserves the right to suspend or terminate your account if you violate the Terms of Use Agreement. If your violation causes harm to others, you agree to indemnify and hold www.PeptideSciences.com harmless from and against any and all loss, damage, or expense. If any dispute arises between us regarding this Agreement or your use of this Web Site, it shall be resolved through good faith negotiations between the parties.

Entire Agreement

These Terms and Conditions and any terms incorporated or referred to herein constitute the entire agreement between www.PeptideSciences.com and you relating to your use of this Web Site and the subject matter hereof, and supersede any prior understandings or agreements (whether electronic, oral or written) regarding the subject matter, and may not be amended or modified except in writing, or by www.PeptideSciences.com making such amendments or modifications in accordance with this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement.

Severability

If any part of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement is deemed or determined to be unenforceable, then such part shall be eliminated or limited to the minimum extent necessary. The remainder of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement, including any revised portion, shall remain and be in full force and effect. This Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement are the entire agreement between us governing your use of this Web Site.

Headings

The headings contained in this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and the www.PeptideSciences.com Privacy Policy are for reference only.

Force Majeure

www.PeptideSciences.com shall not be liable for any delay or failure in performance caused by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, delays due to backorders of requested products, mail delays, customs delays or lost shipments. www.PeptideSciences.com shall not be responsible to notify the Customer in the event of such delays. The Customer shall be solely responsible to make other arrangements to purchase alternative products and any costs incurred in connection with such purchases.

Thank you again for visiting the www.PeptideSciences.com Web Site.

Complete Agreement

Except as expressly provided in a particular "legal notice" on this Site, these Terms and Conditions constitute the entire agreement between you and this Site with respect to the use of this Site, and Content. By clicking “I agree” when placing your order, you agree with ALL OF OUR TERMS and CONDITIONS as stated above as well as our Shipping and refunds Policy.

Thank you for your cooperation.