My Cart

Discount Codes

Product List
PURCHASE PEPTIDES

How does Epitalon enhance sleep while protecting DNA and Telomeres?

ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.

Loading... 703 view(s)

Twenty Years of Study on Effects of Pineal Peptide Preparation: Epithalamin in Experimental Gerontology and Oncology

“In 1973 the first evidence was published that administration of the low-molecular-weight pineal peptide extract (commercial form was named later as Epithalamin) was followed by restoration of the estrus cycle in old female rats with persistent estrus syndrome and by lowering of the threshold of sensitivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex to feedback inhibition by estrogens in old animals. Since this work, the effect of epithalamin on the function of the reproductive, endocrine, neuroendocrine and immune systems was systematically studied in our own and our colleagues' experiments. There was shown a high biological activity of epithalamin. Long-term treatment with the preparation prolongs the life span of animals, slows down the aging of the reproductive system, improves the parameters of immune functions and inhibited the development of spontaneous tumors induced by some chemicals or X-irradiation and transplanted tumor.” (1)

 

Synthetic Tetrapeptide Epitalon Restores Disturbed Neuroendocrine Regulation in Senescent Monkeys

“It is important that the melatonin concentration both in the young and senescent control monkeys at 9 p.m. exceeded that at 9 a.m. This also conforms to the evidence of increased melatonin secretion in the evening.” (2)

"Melatonin content in the senescent control animals was twice less (p<0.01) than that in the young controls, especially in the evening. This corresponds to the published data on decreased melatonin content in human and animal blood in aging... We registered a significant increase in the evening-time melatonin concentration in the Epitalon-administered animals (Figure 1). For instance, it exceeded the corresponding control value in 20–26 year old Epitalon-affected monkeys (p<0.001) more than 3 times, while in the young animals Epitalon introduction did not exert any significant effect upon melatonin content in the blood." (2)

"Epitalon did not significantly influence the basal production of adrenal androgens (DHEA, DHEAS), sex steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone) and thyroxin." (2)

Peptide Correction of Age-Related Pineal Disturbances in Monkeys

“Administration of pineal peptides--epithalamin (at the dose 5 mg/animal/day intramuscularly during 10 consecutive days) or epitalon (at the dose 10 micrograms/animal/day intramuscularly during 7-10 consecutive days) induced significant increase in the night plasma melatonin in old monkeys, but the treatment did not change the melatonin level in young monkeys. Taking into consideration that melatonin is very important for regulation of the diurnal rhythm of functioning of some organs and systems it should be suggested that applying epithalamin and epitalon are perspective in the correction of age-related hormonal imbalance and age pathology.” (3)

 

Multiple Studies Show Epitalon Helped Stabilize Circadian Rhythms

“Peptide preparations of the pineal gland (Epithalamin--a complex of peptides isolated from the pineal gland and Epitalon--synthetic tetrapeptide) recover night release of endogenous melatonin and lead to the normalization of the hormone circadian rhythm in the blood plasma. In elderly people Epithalamin and Epitalon modulate pineal gland functional state: people with pineal gland functional insufficiency report an increase of night melatonin level. The preparations of the pineal gland, effectively increasing melatonin concentration and having no side effects, can be used in clinical geriatric practice.” (4)

 

Pineal Peptide Preparation Epithalamin Increases The Lifespan of Fruit Flies, Mice and Rats

“Mortality rate was decreased by 52% in D. melanogaster, by 52% in rats, by 27% in C3H/Sn mice. It did not change in SHR mice exposed to epithalamin. Treatment with the pineal peptide increased MRDT in flies, C3H/Sn mice and rats. It has been shown that epithalamin increases synthesis and secretion of melatonin in rats and inhibits free radical processes in rats and in D. melanogaster. It is suggested that antioxidative properties of epithalamin lead to increased lifespan of three different animal species.” (5)

 

Effect of Epitalon on The Lifespan Increase in Drosophila Melanogaster

“Epitalon significantly increased the lifespan (LS) of imagoes by 11–16% when applied at unprecedented low concentrations — from 0.001×10–6 to 5×10–6 wt.% of culture medium for males and from 0.01×10–6 to 0.1×10–6 wt.% of culture medium for females.”

 

Peptide Geroprotector from the Pituitary Gland Inhibits Rapid Aging of Elderly People: Results of 15-Year Follow-Up

Over three years 39 coronary patients received, in addition to basic therapy, regular courses of epithalamin (peptide drug), while 40 coronary patients (control group) received basic therapy alone. Long-term treatment with epithalamin (6 courses over 3 years) decelerated aging of the cardiovascular system, prevented age-associated impairment of physical endurance, normalized circadian rhythm of melatonin production and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. A significantly lower mortality in the group of patients treated with epithalamin in parallel with basic therapy also indicated a geroprotective effect of the peptide preparation from the pineal gland. (7)

 

Epitalon Activates Chromatin in Old Age

“The function of chromatin is to efficiently package DNA into a small volume to fit into the nucleus of a cell and protect the DNA structure and sequence. Packaging DNA into chromatin allows for mitosis and meiosis, prevents chromosome breakage and controls gene expression and DNA replication.” (8)

“The obtained data demonstrate that Epitalon induces the activation of ribosomal genes, decondensation of pericentromeric structural heterochromatin and the release of genes repressed due to the age-related condensation of euchromatic chromosome regions. CONCLUSIONS: Epitalon has shown its ability to activate chromatin by modifying heterochromatin and heterochromatinized chromosome regions in the cells of older persons.” (9)

 

Epithalon Peptide Induces Telomerase Activity and Telomere Elongation in Human Somatic Cells and Overcomes the Hayflick Limit

Each cell contains DNA as an instruction manual for how to divide and grow. The DNA inside of each cell is shielded by proteins called telomeres. During cellular division, a new cell must take some telomeres from its originating cell to shield the DNA of the new cell. The telomeres shorten after every cell division because the new cell can only take a portion of the telomeres from the previous cell, else the previous cell’s DNA will become completely unprotected.

Once there are no left over telomeres to take, the cell stops dividing. This happens after a single cell divides and grows about 64 other cells, which is known as the Hayflick limit. This limit exists because cells without shield material are more vulnerable DNA damage. If the DNA of a cell becomes damaged, the cell will follow broken instructions. If the instructions within the DNA of the cell are damaged, then the cell may not be able to eliminate itself through the process of apoptosis like it is supposed to.

"The telomere length is increased by approximately 33% in epitalon treated cells [by increasing the telomerase enzyme that strengthens telomeres]." (10)

“Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that has two distinct functions, to replicate pre-existing chromosome ends (telomeres) and to heal broken chromosomes by de novo addition of telomeric sequences directly on to non-telomeric DNA.” (11)

"Addition of Epithalon to aging cells in culture induced elongation of telomeres to the size comparable to their length during early passages. Peptide-treated cells with elongated telomeres made 10 extra divisions (44 passages) in comparison with the control and continued dividing. Hence, Epithalon prolonged the vital cycle of normal human cells due to overcoming the Hayflick limit." (12)

 

Epitalon Didn't Affect Spontaneous Tumor Incidence but Slowed the Development of Leukemia in a Study.

“We also found that treatment with Epitalon did not influence total spontaneous tumor incidence, but inhibited the development of leukemia (6.0-fold), as compared with the control group.” (13)

 

Epitalon Reverses Hypophysectomy, Restoring Fibrinolysis and Reducing Blood Clotting in Chickens

“Neonatal hypophysectomy in chicken, as well as that in old hen has been established to entail in 1,5 months after surgery cellular and humoral immunity disturbances, pronounced hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis depression. Administration of Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) to a large extent eliminates revealed shifts. This effect appeared to be stronger in neonatally hypophysectomized chicken than in old hens.” (14)

 

Epitalon Lowers a Type of White Blood Cells Associated with Accelerated Aging.

“The melatonin prevents age-specific decreasing blood lymphocytes level in standard photoperiod (12 h light/12 h darkness). Contrary to melatonin, epithalon significantly reduces the number of lymphocytes and increases the number of neutrophils in some age period. The leucocytes alkaline phosphatase activity was increased during aging. Constant light in compare with other light conditions promotes early increasing of alkaline phosphatase activity (at 12 months), associated with accelerated development of pathological process in organism.” (15)

 

Epitalon Selectively Boosts Cytokine IL-2.

“IL-2 was one of the first cytokines discovered and characterized and, based on its ability to stimulate the growth of T cells, was termed T cell growth factor (TCGF). Subsequently, it was shown that IL-2 can also support the growth and expansion of NK cells as well as other immune cells such as B cells at varying stages of development or activation. Perhaps surprisingly, it also plays a role in activation induced cell death of effector T cells. IL-2 plays a multifaceted and complex role in the generation, expansion, and maintenance of CD8 effector cells. IL-2, along with other cytokines, is required for optimal induction and differentiation of CD8 effector cells and may help determine the type of memory cells (central vs. effector) generated. Interestingly, in some situations IL-2 can convert naive CD8 cells into memory-like cells with minimal TCR signaling.

Like many cytokines, IL-2 has evolved to act locally over short distances in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Reflecting this property, IL-2 is found at very low levels in normal serum and exogenously introduced IL-2 has a very short serum half-life. Paradoxically, given its role in T cell proliferation, IL-2 gene deletion or “knock-out” experiments in mice, resulted in progressive lymphoid hyperplasia and the development of autoimmune diseases. This phenotype is now thought to be due to impaired development of regulatory T cells, which require IL-2, and are essential for maintaining the proper homeostatic balance of the immune system.” (16)

 

Boosts Endorphins by Inhibiting the Enzyme that Destroys Them.

“Epitalon inhibited enkephalin-degrading enzymes from human serum. The dose-inhibitory effect curves for Epitalon... IC50 equaled 500 microM, respectively." (17)

 

Epitalon Stimulates Neuronal Activity.

“Recording of spontaneous neuron discharges for 10–15 min was followed by intranasal administration of epitalon solution and recording of neuron activity to 30 min after doses of 30 ng per animal. Significant activation of neuron activity was seen several minutes after dosage, with an increase (by factors of 2–2.5) in discharge frequency. In some experiments, the effect of epitalon was multiphasic. The first peak of increased neuron discharge frequency at 5–7 min was followed by peaks at 11–12 and 17–18 min. The increase in discharge frequency occurred because of an increase in the discharge frequency of neurons which were already active and the recruitment of previously silent neurons.” (18)

 

Sourced Studies:

Timeline of Epitalon studies, over the years: “Epithalamin | Semantic Scholar.” Www.Semanticscholar.Org, www.semanticscholar.org/topic/epithalamin/588850.

(1) Vn, Anisimov, et al. “Twenty Years of Study on Effects of Pineal Peptide Preparation: Epithalamin in Experimental Gerontology and Oncology.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 31 May 1994, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8010617/.

(2) V, Khavinson, et al. “Synthetic Tetrapeptide Epitalon Restores Disturbed Neuroendocrine Regulation in Senescent Monkeys.” Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 1 Aug. 2001, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11524632/

(3) Nd, Goncharova, et al. “[Peptide Correction of Age-Related Pineal Disturbances in Monkeys].” Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii, 2003, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14743609/.

(4) Ov, Korkushko, et al. “[Normalizing Effect of the Pineal Gland Peptides on the Daily Melatonin Rhythm in Old Monkeys and Elderly People].” Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii, 2007, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17969590/.

(5) Anisimov, Vladimir N, et al. “Pineal Peptide Preparation Epithalamin Increases the Lifespan of Fruit Flies, Mice and Rats.” Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol. 103, no. 2, 15 June 1998, pp. 123–132, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047637498000347, 10.1016/S0047-6374(98)00034-7.

(6) Khavinson, V. Kh., et al. “Effect of Epitalon on the Lifespan Increase in Drosophila Melanogaster.” Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol. 120, no. 1, 1 Dec. 2000, pp. 141–149, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047637400002177, 10.1016/S0047-6374(00)00217-7.

(7) Korkushko, Oleg V, et al. “Peptide Geroprotector from the Pituitary Gland Inhibits Rapid Aging of Elderly People: Results of 15-Year Follow-Up.” Undefined, 2011, www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Peptide-Geroprotector-from-the-Pituitary-Gland-of-Korkushko-Khavinson/a2196b363bfdf4bd78e75c26de83e948dddacaf2.

(8) “Chromatin Accessibility and Architecture | Abcam.” Www.Abcam.Com, www.abcam.com/epigenetics/chromatin-accessibility-and-architecture.

(9) VKh, Khavinson, et al. “Peptide Epitalon Activates Chromatin at the Old Age.” Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 1 Oct. 2003, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14647006/.

(10) VKh, Khavinson, et al. “Epithalon Peptide Induces Telomerase Activity and Telomere Elongation in Human Somatic Cells.” Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1 June 2003, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937682/.

(11) P, Slijepcevic, and Bryant Pe. “Chromosome Healing, Telomere Capture and Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Chromosome Breakage.” International Journal of Radiation Biology, 1 Jan. 1998, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9464472.

(12) VKh, Khavinson, et al. “Peptide Promotes Overcoming of the Division Limit in Human Somatic Cell.” Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1 May 2004, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15455129/.

(13) Vn, Anisimov, et al. “Effect of Epitalon on Biomarkers of Aging, Life Span and Spontaneous Tumor Incidence in Female Swiss-Derived SHR Mice.” Biogerontology, 2003, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14501183/.

(14) Bi, Kuznik, et al. “[Effect of Epitalon on the Immunity and Hemostasis in Hypophysectomized Chicken and Old Hens].” Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii, 2004, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15490730/.

(15) Lb, Uzenbaeva, et al. “[The Influence of Melatonin and Epithalon on Blood Leukocyte Count and Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase in Rats Under Different Lighting Conditions During Ontogenesis].” Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi Gerontologii, 2008, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19432172/.

(16) Skrombolas, Denise, and John G. Frelinger. “Challenges and Developing Solutions for Increasing the Benefits of IL-2 Treatment in Tumor Therapy.” Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, vol. 10, no. 2, 1 Feb. 2014, pp. 207–217, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4072333/, 10.1586/1744666X.2014.875856.

(17) Nv, Kost, et al. “[Effect of New Peptide Bioregulators Livagen and Epitalon on Enkephalin-Degrading Enzymes in Human Serum].” Izvestiia Akademii Nauk. Seriia Biologicheskaia, 1 July 2003, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12942748/.

(18) Sibarov, D. A., et al. “Effects of Intranasal Administration of Epitalon on Neuron Activity in the Rat Neocortex.” Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, vol. 37, no. 9, Nov. 2007, pp. 889–893, 10.1007/s11055-007-0095-3.

 

Product available for research use only:

Be the first to know
Receive all the latest information on events, sales, & offers.

Terms and Conditions of Purchase

Your Use of Our Web Site

Unless specified otherwise, your use of this Web Site is governed by this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and the www.PeptideSciences.com Privacy Policy, which is incorporated herein by this reference. In using this Web Site, you are prohibited from modifying, distributing, transmitting, reproducing, publishing, licensing, transferring, or selling any information, products or services obtained or viewed on this Web Site. However, you may display, download, or print hard copies of any material contained on this Web Site for your own personal, non-commercial use as long as you do not modify the content or delete any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notice. Any other use of the information contained on this Web Site is prohibited without our express written consent.

All ACH/e-Check payments will be made payable to:

P-Sciences, Inc.

Each time I (the customer) places an ACH/e-Check order by clicking the "Place Order" button, I am authorizing Peptidesciences.com to initiate a single ACH/electronic debit to my account in the amount of my order from the bank account information provided on the date of my order. I agree that ACH transactions I authorize comply with all applicable law. Payments made after 11 P.M. pacific time will be applied as of the next business day. To complete the payment process, click the “Place Order” button. Once payment is authorized, there cannot be any changes or corrections. It is recommended that you print a copy of this authorization and maintain it for your records.

Use of Information

This Web site provides information that, while useful, must not be used as a substitute for the advice of your own advisors. Information available from this Web Site is not intended to be used to diagnose any medical condition or disease. Products on this website are sold for laboratory research purposes only.

www.PeptideSciences.com reserves the right to correct any inaccuracies or typographical errors in the information posted on this Web Site, and shall have no liability for such errors. Information may be changed or updated without notice and prices and availability of goods and services are subject to change without notice.

DISCLAIMER:

YOU MUST BE OVER 21 YEARS OLD TO USE THIS WEBSITE.

The products we offer are intended for IN-VITRO LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY-- NOT FOR HUMAN USE.

In purchasing any of these items, the customer acknowledges that there are risks involved with consumption or distribution of these products.

These chemicals are NOT intended to use as food additives, drugs, household chemicals or other inappropriate applications.

The listing of a material on this site does not constitute a license to its use in infringement of any patent.

All of the products will be handled only by qualified and properly trained RESEARCH or LABORATORY professionals only.

Due to the nature of these products ALL SALES ARE FINAL. WE CANNOT ACCEPT RETURNS. ALL SALES ARE FINAL.

All customers represent and warrant that through their own review and study that they are fully aware and knowledgeable about the following:

Use of the products and more specifically In-vitro Research use of the products.

Your specific countries Government regulations regarding the use of and exposure to all products.

The health and safety hazards associated with the handling of the products they purchase.

The necessity of adequately warning of the health and safety hazards associated with any products.

PeptideSciences.com reserves the right to limit and/or deny sales of products to any unqualified individuals. All customers MUST be at least 21 years of age to purchase our products. IN NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL PeptideSciences.com BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER PURCHASER'S CLAIM IN CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE. IN DIRECT CONSIDERATION OF APPROVING THE SALE OF ANY PRODUCT TO THE PURCHASER, THE PURCHASER AGREES TO INDEMNIFY AND HOLD US HARMLESS FROM ALL CLAIMS, EXPENSES, LOSSES AND LIABILITY OF ANY TYPE ARISING OUT OF THE PURCHASER'S HANDLING, POSSESSION, AND/OR USE OF THE PRODUCT, WHETHER USED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANY SUBSTANCE. ANY SALE WOULD BE DENIED OTHERWISE.

PRODUCT USE:

PeptideSciences.com products are intended for laboratory IN-VITRO RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY-- NOT FOR HUMAN USE and are not to be used for any other purposes, including but not limited to food and/or drugs, medical devices, vitro diagnostic purpose, or for commercial purposes. The purchaser agrees that the products have not been sterilized or tested by PeptideSciences.com for safety and efficacy in food, drug, medical device, cosmetic, commercial or any other use. The purchaser expressly represents and warrants to PeptideSciences.com that the purchaser will properly test, use, manufacture and market any products purchased from PeptideSciences.com and/or materials produced with products purchased from PeptideSciences.com in accordance with the practices of a reliable person who is experienced in the field and in strict compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, now and hereinafter enacted. The purchaser further warrants that any material produced with any product shall not be adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and shall not be materials which may not, under Sections 404, 505, or 512 of the Act, be introduced into interstate commerce.

The purchaser realizes that, since PeptideSciences.com products are, unless otherwise stated, intended solely for in-vitro research purposes, they may not be on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory listing. The purchaser assumes responsibility to assure that the products purchased from PeptideSciences.com are approved for use under TSCA, if applicable.

Purchaser has the responsibility to verify the hazards and to conduct any further research necessary to learn the hazards involved in using products purchased from PeptideSciences.com. Purchaser agrees to comply with instructions, if any, furnished by PeptideSciences.com relating to the use of the products and not misuse the products in any manner. No products purchased from PeptideSciences.com shall, unless otherwise stated, be considered to be foods, drugs, or medical devices.

ALL products and services offered are for IN-VITRO RESEARCH purposes ONLY and are NOT TO BE INGESTED or CONSUMED IN ANY MANNER.

ALL PRODUCTS SOLD BY PEPTIDESCIENCES.COM ARE NOT TO BE USED FOR PERSONAL USE OR FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANY MEDICAL CONDITION OR DISEASE.

Under NO circumstances shall/ should ANY of these materials be used for recreational purposes nor human consumption of any kind.

PeptideSciences.com is NOT liable for ANY damages that may be caused by negligence, abuse, or ANY other unforeseen matter.

All items sold are legal for sale for IN-VITRO RESEARCH PURPOSES SPECIFICALLY within the USA.

Trade-Marks and Other Intellectual Property Rights

"www.PeptideSciences.com" is a registered trademark of www.PeptideSciences.com.

All text, graphics, user interfaces, visual interfaces, photographs, trademarks, logos, sounds, music, artwork and computer code (collectively, "Content"), including but not limited to the design, structure, selection, coordination, expression, "look and feel" and arrangement of such Content, contained on this Web Site is owned, controlled or licensed by or to www.PeptideSciences.com and is protected by copyright, patent and trademark laws, and various other intellectual property rights and unfair competition laws.

Except as expressly provided in this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement, no part of this Web Site and no Content may be copied, reproduced, republished, uploaded, posted, publicly displayed, encoded, translated, transmitted or distributed in any way (including "mirroring") to any other computer, server, web site or other medium for publication or distribution or for any commercial enterprise, without www.PeptideSciences.com's express prior written consent.

Indemnity

You hereby agree to indemnify and hold www.PeptideSciences.com, and our subsidiaries, affiliates, officers, directors, agents, co-branders, partners, and employees harmless from any claim or demand, including reasonable attorney's fees, made by any third party due to or arising out of your use of the content on this Web Site, or any content you submit, post, or transmit through this Web Site, your use of this Web Site, your connection to this Web site, your violation of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement, or your violation of any rights of another.

Links/Software

Links from or to websites outside this Web Site are meant for convenience only. www.PeptideSciences.com does not review, endorse, approve or control, and is not responsible for any sites linked from or to this Web Site, the content of those sites, the third parties named therein, or their products or services. Linking to any other site is at your sole risk and www.PeptideSciences.com will not be responsible or liable for any damages in connection with linking. www.PeptideSciences.com disclaims all warranties, express and implied as to the accuracy, validity and legality of any materials or information found on those sites. Links to downloadable software sites are for convenience only and www.PeptideSciences.com is not responsible or liable for any difficulties or consequences associated with downloading the software. Use of any downloaded software is governed by the terms of the license agreement, if any, which accompanies or is provided with the software.

Availability of Our Web Site

This Web Site is generally available to users Twenty-four (24) hours per day, Seven (7) days per week, Three Hundred Sixty-five (365) days per year. However, www.PeptideSciences.com retains the right to make our Web Site unavailable at any time, for any reason, and for any length of time. By using this Web Site you agree that www.PeptideSciences.com will not be liable for any damage arising out of or related to any such interruption, suspension, or termination of this Web Site and/or the services or products contained therein. Upon acceptance of these terms and conditions of use www.PeptideSciences.com authorizes you to view the Content on the Web Site solely for your personal use. The material on the Web Site is intended solely for individuals enquiring about www.PeptideSciences.com’s products or services. If you are not accessing the Web Site for such purposes, you may not use the Web Site. For certainty, use by non-individuals or the agents, attorneys or representatives of non-individuals is prohibited.

Information You Provide www.PeptideSciences.com

Our collection and/or use of any information you provide while using or visiting this Web Site is governed by the www.PeptideSciences.com Privacy Policy and this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement. By using this Web Site you grant us the rights contained therein. In using this Web Site you may not upload, distribute, or otherwise publish on this Web Site any information which may be viewed as obscene, defamatory, libelous, threatening, abusive, illegal, an invasion of privacy rights, or otherwise objectionable, or may constitute or encourage a violation of any law.

Except for that individually-identifiable information collected from you in accordance with our Privacy Policy, all comments, remarks, suggestions, ideas or other information communicated will become the exclusive property of www.PeptideSciences.com and you grant to www.PeptideSciences.com a royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, world-wide, non-exclusive license to use or reproduce the same. www.PeptideSciences.com is free to copy, disclose, distribute or analyze any such information for any and all purposes and are in no way obligated to compensate you for any such information.

Disclaimer of Warranties

WWW.PeptideSciences.COM PROVIDES CONTENT ON THIS WEB SITE AS A SERVICE TO YOU, OUR CUSTOMER. THIS WEB SITE CANNOT AND DOES NOT, CONTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT ALL APPLICATIONS FOR PRODUCTS SOLD. IT MAY NOT CONTAIN ALL INFORMATION THAT IS APPLICABLE TO YOUR PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES OR YOUR USE OF PRODUCTS SOLD. THE CONTENT OF THIS WEB SITE, THE WEB SITE SERVER THAT MAKES IT AVAILABLE, AND THE SERVICES AND PRODUCTS WWW.PeptideSciences.COM PROVIDES ON THIS WEB SITE, ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR TECHNICAL FAILURES (INCLUDING HARDWARE OR SOFTWARE FAILURES), INCOMPLETE, SCRAMBLED OR DELAYED COMPUTER TRANSMISSIONS, AND/OR TECHNICAL INACCURACIES, AS WELL AS UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS OF USER TRANSMISSIONS BY THIRD PARTIES. FURTHER, WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT REPRESENT OR WARRANT THAT NO VIRUSES OR OTHER CONTAMINATING OR DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES WILL BE TRANSMITTED, OR THAT NO DAMAGE WILL OCCUR TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM. YOU HAVE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ADEQUATE PROTECTION AND BACKUP OF DATA AND/OR EQUIPMENT AND TO TAKE ALL PRECAUTIONS TO SCAN FOR COMPUTER VIRUSES OR OTHER DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES. BY YOUR USE OF THIS WEB SITE, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT SUCH USE IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK, INCLUDING RESPONSIBILITY FOR ALL COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL NECESSARY SERVICING OR REPAIRS OF ANY EQUIPMENT YOU USE IN CONNECTION WITH THIS WEB SITE.

TO THE FULL EXTENT NOT PRECLUDED BY APPLICABLE LAW WWW.PeptideSciences.COM, THEIR MEDICAL ADVISORS, SUPPLIERS, CONSULTANTS, DIRECTORS AND EMPLOYEES DISCLAIM AND EXCLUDE ALL WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO ALL CONTENT, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY. THIS DISCLAIMER INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT WARRANT THE CONTENT TO BE ACCURATE, COMPLETE OR CURRENT. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THIS WEB SITE WILL OPERATE WITHOUT ERROR, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED OR THAT THIS WEB SITE OR THE WEB SITE SERVER MAKING IT AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS. PRICE AND AVAILABILITY CONTENT, AS WELL AS OTHER CONTENT CONTAINED IN THIS WEB SITE OR ACCESSIBLE THEREFROM, IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.

YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT ENDORSE THE CONTENT OF ANY SITE ACCESSED VIA LINKS OR OTHER MEANS FROM THIS WEB SITE AND IT IS NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE FOR SUCH CONTENT EVEN THOUGH IT MAY BE UNLAWFUL, HARASSING, LIBELOUS, PRIVACY INVADING, ABUSIVE, THREATENING, HARMFUL, OBSCENE, OR OTHERWISE OBJECTIONABLE, OR THAT IT INFRINGES OR MAY INFRINGE THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OR OTHER RIGHTS OF ANOTHER PERSON.

THIS WEB SITE INCLUDES CONTENT PROVIDED BY THIRD PARTIES AND YOU, OUR CUSTOMER. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM IS A DISTRIBUTOR OF SUCH CONTENT AND NOT ITS PUBLISHER. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM’S EDITORIAL CONTROL OF SUCH CONTENT IS THE SAME AS THAT OF A PUBLIC LIBRARY OR NEWSSTAND. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM’S THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS MAY EXPRESS CERTAIN OPINIONS OR PROVIDE CERTAIN INFORMATION AND OFFERS. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM MAKES NO WARRANTIES AS TO THE COMPLETENESS, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, OR RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION OR OFFERS SUPPLIED BY THIRD PARTIES. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT GUARANTEE OR WARRANT THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY THIRD PARTY, INCLUDING ANY SUCH THIRD PARTY’S CONFORMANCE TO ANY LAW, RULE, REGULATION OR POLICY.

WWW.PeptideSciences.COM DOES NOT WARRANT THAT INFORMATION, SERVICES, AND PRODUCTS CONTAINED IN THIS WEB SITE WILL SATISFY YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THEY ARE ERROR OR DEFECT-FREE. BEFORE USING ANY PRODUCT YOU SHOULD CONFIRM ANY INFORMATION OF IMPORTANCE TO YOU ON THE PRODUCT PACKAGING. YOU ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY, APPROPRIATENESS AND LEGALITY OF ANY INFORMATION YOU SUPPLY WWW.PeptideSciences.COM.

AS PARTIAL CONSIDERATION FOR YOUR ACCESS TO THIS WEB SITE AND USE OF ITS CONTENT, YOU AGREE THAT WWW.PeptideSciences.COM IS NOT LIABLE TO YOU IN ANY MANNER WHATSOEVER FOR DECISIONS YOU MAY MAKE OR YOUR ACTIONS OR NON-ACTIONS IN RELIANCE UPON THE CONTENT. YOU ALSO AGREE THAT THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF WWW.PeptideSciences.COM ARISING FROM OR RELATED TO YOUR USE AND ACCESS REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION OR CLAIM (FOR EXAMPLE, CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, PROFESSIONAL MALPRACTICE, FRAUD, OR OTHER BASES FOR CLAIMS), IS LIMITED TO THE PURCHASE PRICE OF ANY ITEMS YOU PURCHASED FROM WWW.PeptideSciences.COM IN THE APPLICABLE TRANSACTION. WWW.PeptideSciences.COM SHALL NOT IN ANY CASE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES EVEN IF WWW.PeptideSciences.COM HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY THAT APPLIES TO ALL LOSES AND DAMAGES OF ANY KIND. IF YOU ARE DISSATISFIED WITH THIS WEB SITE OR ITS CONTENT (INCLUDING TERMS OF USE), YOUR SOLE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY IS TO DISCONTINUE USING THIS WEB SITE. BECAUSE SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SUCH LIMITATION MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE TO YOU.

Your Agreement to Abide by All Applicable Laws

By using this Web Site you agree to comply with any and all local, state, or federal laws, statutes, and regulations that relate in any manner to the use of this Web Site and the associated services or products contained thereon.

Relationship between www.PeptideSciences.com and Users.

www.PeptideSciences.com and users of our Site are independent contractors, and no agency, partnership, employment or other relationship is created or is intended to be created by the use of our Web Site.

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

This Web Site (excluding linked sites, if any) is administered and controlled by www.PeptideSciences.com and its affiliates, subsidiaries, officers, directors, employees or agents from its offices in the accordance with the laws of Nevis. You agree that this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and this Web Site will be governed by and construed in accordance Nevis law without giving effect to any principles of conflicts of laws. You access this Web Site and/or associated services of www.PeptideSciences.com at your own risk, and remain responsible for complying with the laws of the jurisdiction within which you are located.

Prices; Payment Terms; Interest

The prices for the products and services on this Web Site are quoted, for convenience, in United States dollars and shall be as set forth in this Web Site as at the time of acceptance of an order by www.PeptideSciences.com. Prices for Products shall be subject to change without any further notice. Credit terms are within www.PeptideSciences.com's sole discretion, and unless otherwise specified in www.PeptideSciences.com's invoice, payment must be received by www.PeptideSciences.com prior to www.PeptideSciences.com's acceptance of an order.

Consequences

www.PeptideSciences.com reserves the right to suspend or terminate your account if you violate the Terms of Use Agreement. If your violation causes harm to others, you agree to indemnify and hold www.PeptideSciences.com harmless from and against any and all loss, damage, or expense. If any dispute arises between us regarding this Agreement or your use of this Web Site, it shall be resolved through good faith negotiations between the parties.

Entire Agreement

These Terms and Conditions and any terms incorporated or referred to herein constitute the entire agreement between www.PeptideSciences.com and you relating to your use of this Web Site and the subject matter hereof, and supersede any prior understandings or agreements (whether electronic, oral or written) regarding the subject matter, and may not be amended or modified except in writing, or by www.PeptideSciences.com making such amendments or modifications in accordance with this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement.

Severability

If any part of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement is deemed or determined to be unenforceable, then such part shall be eliminated or limited to the minimum extent necessary. The remainder of this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement, including any revised portion, shall remain and be in full force and effect. This Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement are the entire agreement between us governing your use of this Web Site.

Headings

The headings contained in this Terms and Conditions of Use Agreement and the www.PeptideSciences.com Privacy Policy are for reference only.

Force Majeure

www.PeptideSciences.com shall not be liable for any delay or failure in performance caused by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, delays due to backorders of requested products, mail delays, customs delays or lost shipments. www.PeptideSciences.com shall not be responsible to notify the Customer in the event of such delays. The Customer shall be solely responsible to make other arrangements to purchase alternative products and any costs incurred in connection with such purchases.

Thank you again for visiting the www.PeptideSciences.com Web Site.

Complete Agreement

Except as expressly provided in a particular "legal notice" on this Site, these Terms and Conditions constitute the entire agreement between you and this Site with respect to the use of this Site, and Content. By clicking “I agree” when placing your order, you agree with ALL OF OUR TERMS and CONDITIONS as stated above as well as our Shipping and refunds Policy.

Thank you for your cooperation.